high cholesterol diet

Cholesterol is one of the beneficial substances in metabolism. Cholesterol enters the body from animal products.

Cholesterol is a lipophilic alcohol that plays a role in the formation of cell membranes, in the synthesis of certain hormones and vitamins, and in other metabolic processes.

Cholesterol is necessary for the body, but its high content can lead to diseases of the cardiovascular system, especially atherosclerosis.

Cholesterol is transported throughout the body through the bloodstream by carriers: high- and low-density lipoproteins. Low-density lipoproteins are called "bad" cholesterol, and when they rise in the bloodstream, the risk of cardiovascular pathology increases significantly. Therefore, doctors strongly recommend lowering their level. However, a decrease in high-density lipoproteins increases the risk of heart disease.

The blood cholesterol rate in healthy people is 5 mol / l and below. Cholesterol intake from healthy people should be no more than 300 mg per day, and with an increased blood cholesterol content (hypercholesterolemia) no more than 200 mg per day.

General description of the diet

The purpose of the high cholesterol diet is to reduce the level of "bad" cholesterol, prevent the development of pathology of the cardiovascular system, normalize the functioning of the kidneys and liver, activate metabolic processes and improve blood circulation.

The diet should complement the principle of mechanical saving, which has a beneficial effect not only on the digestive system, but also on the cardiovascular system.

The diet for high cholesterol corresponds to the treatment table no. 10 and no. 10C.

The treatment table for high cholesterol includes restriction of salt and fats (mainly of animal origin).

Characteristics of the table (per day):

• energy value is 2190 - 2570 kcal;
• protein - 90 gr, of which 55 - 60% of animal origin;
• fats 70 - 80 gr, of which at least 30 gr. vegetables;
• carbohydrates not more than 300 gr. for overweight people, and for people with normal body weight 350 gr.

The basics of diet

diets

Partial feeding, 5 times a day. This allows you to reduce portions of food and suppress hunger between meals.

Temperature

Food temperature is normal, there are no restrictions.

Salt

The amount of table salt is limited to 3 - 5 gr, food is prepared unsalted, if necessary, salted on the table. Salt causes fluid retention in the body, which increases the load on the cardiovascular system.

Liquid

Use of free fluid up to 1. 5 liters (discharge of the cardiovascular and urinary system).

alcohol

Alcohol, especially strong drinks, should be avoided. But doctors recommend (in the absence of contraindications) to take 50-70 ml of natural red wine at night, which contains flavonoids with antioxidant properties (thus dry red wine protects the walls of blood vessels from the formation of atherosclerotic plaques). In addition, a strict smoking ban has been imposed.

Weight

Obese and overweight people need to normalize their weight. Excess body fat is an additional source of "bad" cholesterol, and also complicates the work of the heart and blood vessels.

Foods rich in lipotropic substances and vitamins

Preference should be given to fruits and vegetables rich in vitamins C and P, group B, potassium and magnesium salts. These vitamins protect the vascular walls due to their antioxidant action, and potassium and magnesium are involved in heart rate.

fats

Wherever possible, vegetable fats should be replaced as much as possible. Vegetable fats do not contain cholesterol, in addition, they are useful for the walls of blood vessels with a high content of vitamin E (antioxidant).

Prohibited foods for high cholesterol

The list of forbidden foods for high cholesterol includes mainly animal fats - they are the source of "bad" cholesterol.

You should also reject carbohydrates, which are easily digested, turning into fats and, as a result, into cholesterol.

You should not eat foods that activate and excite the nervous and cardiovascular system.

Food should be steamed, stewed or baked. Product redness is ruled out, as low-density lipoproteins and carcinogens are formed during the redness process. Almost all vegetables are consumed cooked, as raw fiber in large quantities causes bloating.

List of banned products:

• rich fresh bread, products made from yeast and sulfur pastries, pancakes, fried pies, pancakes, pasta from soft wheat varieties (contain easily digestible carbohydrates);
• whole milk with high fat content, fatty cottage cheese, sour cream, cheeses;
• fried and boiled eggs (especially yolks - a source of saturated fat);
• soups in a concentrated and fatty soup of fish and meat, mushroom soup;
• fatty meats (lamb, pork), poultry (duck, goose), chicken skin, especially fried, sausages, hot dogs;
• fatty fish, caviar, salted fish, canned food, fried fish with margarine and solid fats;
• solid fats (lard, margarine, cooking oil);
• squid, shrimp;
• natural coffee made from beans (when drunk, fats come out of the beans);
• vegetables, especially fried in solid fats (chips, chips, fried in soup) coconuts and salted nuts;
• mayonnaise sauce, sour cream and cream;
• dessert creams, chocolates, cocoa, cakes, ice cream.

Approved products

Recommended foods in a high cholesterol diet should contain a large amount of unsaturated fatty acids, which are sources of "good" cholesterol.

First of all, this applies to fish, which includes omega-3 unsaturated fatty acids. Fish is also a source of vitamin D.

A large amount of soluble fiber (oatmeal) increases the level of high-density lipoproteins. Fresh vegetables and fruits contain large amounts of antioxidants that strengthen vascular walls. There are also many antioxidants (vitamin E) in nuts.

A diet with a high cholesterol level is created to normalize the ratio of high-grade (increasing) lipoproteins and low-grade (decreasing) lipoproteins.

List of allowed products:

• dried or yesterday's bread, from wholemeal flour, wholemeal bread, whole wheat pasta;
• vegetable oils in any quantity, except palm oil (fill salads with unrefined vegetable oil);
• vegetables: potatoes, cauliflower and white cabbage, carrots (removes toxins), lettuce (source of folic acid), squash, zucchini, beets;
• lean meat and poultry (rabbit, turkey and skinless chicken, beef, lean beef);
• seafood: scallops, oysters, mussels and crabs limited;
• fish, especially seafood, low-fat varieties (roasted and boiled): tuna, cod, mushrooms, cod, cod, cod;
• legumes as a source of plant proteins;
• nuts (nuts, peanuts) contain a large amount of phospholipids that lower the level of "bad" cholesterol, are sources of vitamin E;
• onions and garlic, contain a lot of vitamin C, protect vascular walls, remove lime deposits and fat from the body;
• oatmeal, cereals, puddings from other cereals (cereals should be cooked in diluted milk);
• low-fat milk, low-fat cottage cheese, sour cream, kefir, yogurt, low-fat and unsalted cheeses;
• juices, especially from citrus (very ascorbic acid, which strengthens the vascular wall);
• poorly brewed tea, coffee with milk, vegetable stew, rose hips, compote;
• spices: pepper, mustard, spices, vinegar, lemon, horseradish.

The need for a diet

Compliance with the diet regulates the content of high and low density lipoproteins, thus reducing the level of "bad" cholesterol.

The treatment table for high cholesterol allows you to normalize its contents without taking medication. Moreover, in people who follow a diet, the vessels remain "clean" for a long time, the blood circulation in them is not disturbed, which not only has a beneficial effect on the state of the cardiovascular system, buteven in the state of. skin, nails and hair.

A large amount of antioxidants in the recommended foods with high cholesterol slows down skin aging, prevents the development of pathologies of internal organs and increases vitality.

Consequences of not following the diet

High blood cholesterol is the first bell of future vascular atherosclerosis.

With atherosclerosis, plaques form on the walls of blood vessels, which narrow the lumen of the venous arteries, threatening not only the development of circulatory disorders in the body as a whole, but also such dangerous complications as stroke and heart attack. of the myocardium. .

Also, high cholesterol is one of the factors in the development of hypertension and cerebral atherosclerosis (memory impairment, visual impairment, tinnitus, sleep disturbance, dizziness).